The last three centuries of dynastic rule in Egypt followed the unexpected death of Alexander the Great. His general Ptolemy took power in Egypt and established a hybrid new Hellenistic-Egyptian monarchy, which combined Greek culture within the idioms and imagery of Egyptian pharaonic rule. Ptolemaic Egypt was characterized, to begin with, by its highly organized nature but also military posturing, and was never able to gain primacy among the other Hellenistic monarchies. Increasingly, the Ptolemaic rulers sought Roman support while allowing the Egyptian state to become enervated by war and internecine strife among dynastic members, leading to rebellion and discontent. Ptolemaic Egypt managed remarkable achievements in statecraft, architecture, learning, and art but unravelled in the face of a new power on which it had become dependent.
Small Temple gate of Medinet Habu
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